Simple present and past progressive

1. Simple present

a. (+) : They buy a computer in giant tommorow.
    (-) : They don't buy a computer.
    (?) : Do they buy a computer ?

b. (+) : We go to mall metropolitan yesterday.
    (-) : We didn't go to mall metropolitan.
    (?) : Did we go to mall metropolitan ?

c. (+) : She repairs this blue car last week.
    (-) : She does not repair this blue car.
    (?) : Does she repair this blue car ?

2. Past progressive

a. I sat down at the breakfast seat at 08:00 A.M yesterday.

    Meftha came to my house at 08:15 A.M.

    I was eating breakfast when meftha came.

b. I went to stadion at 08.00 P.M. yesterday.
    Jon came to my house at 08.20 A.M.
    I was playing football when jon came my house.

Preposition

1. Between : ( Sandy comes between refan and fachmi.)

2. Among : (My cat hiding among the bushes.)

3. But : (No one but him like it you.)

4. From : (The temple borobudur is ten miles from the malioboro.)

5. Down : (I look, the water ran down the wall.)

Present Progressive

2. Smile ( The guy is smilling while the girl walks to ward him)
    The girl : were you smilling likethat when she looked at you ?
    The guys : yes, i was smilling while she kept staring at me.

3. Whistle ( a boy is whistling near the door)
    Justin : who is making a noise ?
    Bieber : (pointed out at the boy) the boy over there is whistling.

4. Open or close the door ( Vhae is closing the door)
    Fachmi : why is this room becoming darker ?
    Meftha : that's because vhae is closing the door.

5. Hum ( a worker looks serious getting his work done)
    Man 1 : (looking at the worker) why is he so quick finnishing his work ?
    Man 2 : he doesn't speak as he worked but he keeps humming to him self.

6. Bite your fingernails ( Sandy is bitting her nails)
    Refan : are you bitting ypur nails ?
    Sandy : yes. i'm bittiing them because i'm boried.

7. Read your grammar book ( a bunch of student in a library reading books)
    a teacher : everyone here have started reading, why don't you begin with reading your grammar book ?
    Student : yes, m'am (starts reading his grammar book?

8. Erase the board ( a student1 erasig the board)
    Student2 : why are you erasing the board ?
    Student1: because teacher asked me to.

9. Look at the ceiling ( a boy looking at the ceiling)
    Girl : why are you keep looking at the ceiling ?
    Boy : ( looking shocked) what were you saying ? sorry, i was day dreaming.

10. Hold your pen in your left hand ( a boy is about to write something with his pen)
      Girl : whhy are you holding your pen in your left hand ?
      Boy : that's because i'm left handed.

11. Rub your palms together ( a girl rubbinng her palms together)
      Boy : you keep rubbing your palms together, are you cold ?
      Girl : yeah, ist'n it what we commonly do in this freezing winter.

Kompresi data

Dalam ilmu komputer, pemampatan data^[1] atau kompresi data adalah sebuah cara untuk memadatkan data sehingga hanya memerlukan ruangan penyimpanan lebih kecil sehingga lebih efisien dalam menyimpannya atau mempersingkat waktu pertukaran data tersebut. Ada terdapat dua jenis pemampatan data, yaitu pemampatan tanpa kehilangan (lossless data compression) dan pemampatan berkehilangan (lossy data compression).

Pemampatan data tanpa kehilangan

Teknik ini mampu memadatkan data dan mengembalikannya sama persis seperti semula. Tidak ada informasi yang hilang atau harus dikurangi dalam proses untuk mengurangi ukuran besar data. Biasanya algoritma pemadatan data jenis ini menggunakan prinsip kelebihan statistik (statistical redundancy) supaya data bisa disimpan dengan lebih ringkas. Karena kebanyakan data yang dipakai sehari-hari memiliki bagian yang berulang atau berlebihan (redundant data), pemampatan tanpa kehilangan bisa terjadi.
Contoh mudahnya, apabila berkas gambar berukuran 256x256 berwarna polos (setiap pixel berwarna sama) dan tiap pixelnya berukuran 4 byte, tanpa pemadatan, berkas harus disimpan berukuran 4 kali 256x256, sama dengan 262144 byte. Namun, dengan pemadatan, maka data yang perlu disimpan hanyalah data satu warna tersebut dan informasi bahwa seluruh pixel gambar memiliki satu warna yang sama. Jadi, data yang perlu disimpan hanyalah 4 byte tambah beberapa byte untuk menandakan pengulangan pixel yang sama. Ingatlah ini hanya contoh yang simpel.
Pemadatan tanpa kehilangan memiliki batas rendah di mana berkas tidak bisa dipadatkan lebih jauh lagi. Teorem Shannon menunjukkan bahwa pemadatan data tidak bisa menghasilkan kadar kode yang lebih rendah daripada entropi Shannon berkas, tanpa menyebabkan kehilangan informasi. Maka, apabila suatu berkas sudah dipadatkan (misalnya, berkas gambar disimpan di berkas .zip), berkas .zip tersebut tidak bisa lagi dipadatkan.
Contoh algoritma adalah Lempel-Ziv, Lempel-Ziv-Welch, Lempel-Ziv-Markov, FLAC, ALAC, dan PAQ.

Pemampatan data berkehilangan

Dengan teknik ini, kehilangan data yang kecil masih dapat diterima. Dengan algoritma tertentu, detil berkas dipangkas supaya ukuran data bisa dikecilkan. Contohnya, pemadatan data dengan format berkas gambar JPEG bisa menyimpan data yang banyak, tapi juga mampu memangkaskan bagian-bagian visual yang kurang penting demi menghemati memori simpan. Berkas MP3 bisa menyimpan data lagu yang bersuara lebih jernih, tapi juga bisa mengurangi mutu suara jika ukuran data harus dikurangi.

Pemrograman Multimedia

Animasi path
   Animasi path adalah animasi dari objek yang gerakannya mengikuti garis lintasan yang sudah ditentukan. Contoh animasi jenis ini adalah animasi kereta api yang bergerak mengikuti lintasan rel. Biasanya dalam animasi path diberi perulangan animasi, sehingga animasi terus berulang hingga mencapai kondisi tertentu. Dalam Macromedia Flash, animasi jenis ini didapatkan dengan teknik animasi path, teknik ini menggunakan layer tersendiri yang didefinisikan sebagai lintasan gerakan objek

Animasi spline
   Pada animasi spline, animasi dari objek bergerak mengikuti garis lintasan yang berbentuk kurva, kurva ini didapatkan dari representasi perhitungan matematis. Hasil gerakan animasi ini lebih halus dibandingkan dengan animasi path. Contoh animasi jenis ini adalah animasi kupu-kupu yang terbang dengan kecepatan yang tidak tetap dan lintasan yang berubah-ubah. Dalam Macromedia Flash, animasi jenis ini didapatkan dengan teknik animasi script, teknik ini menggunakan action script yang membangkitkan sebuah lintasan berbentuk kurva dari persamaan matematis.

Animasi vektor
   Animasi vektor mirip dengan animasi sprite, perbedaannya hanya terletak pada gambar yang digunakan dalam objek sprite-nya. Pada animasi sprite, gambar yang digunakan adalah gambar bitmap, sedangkan animasi vektor menggunakan gambar vektor dalam objek sprite-nya. Penggunaan vektor ini juga mengakibatkan ukuran file animasi vektor menjadi lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan file animasi sprite.

Part Of Business Letter

• The Heading (The Retern Address) or Letterhead - Companies usually use printed paper where heading or letterhead is specially designed at the top of the sheet. It bears all the necessary information about the organisation’s identity.



• Date - Date of writing. The month should be fully spelled out and the year written with all four digits October 12, 2005
  (12 October 2005 - UK style). The date is aligned with the return address. The number of the date is pronounced as an ordinal figure, though the endings st, nd, rd, th, are often omitted in writing. The article before the number of the day is pronounced but not written. In the body of the letter, however, the article is written when the name of the month is not mentioned with the day.



• The Inside Address - In a business or formal letter you should give the address of the recipient after your own address. Include the recipient's name, company, address and postal code. Add job title if appropriate. Separate the recipient's name and title with a comma. Double check that you have the correct spelling of the recipient 's name.
  
  The Inside Address is always on the left margin. If an 8 1/2" x 11" paper is folded in thirds to fit in a standard 9" business envelope, the inside address can appear through the window in the envelope.



• The Greeting - Also called the salutation. The type of salutation depends on your relationship with the recipient. It normally begins with the word "Dear" and always includes the person's last name. Use every resource possible to address your letter to an actual person. If you do not know the name or the sex of of your reciever address it to Dear Madam/Sir (or Dear Sales Manager or Dear Human Resources Director). As a general rule the greeting in a business letter ends in a colon (US style). It is also acceptable to use a comma (UK style).



• The Subject Line (optional) - Its inclusion can help the recipient in dealing successfully with the aims of your letter. Normally the subject sentence is preceded with the word Subject: or Re: Subject line may be emphasized by underlining, using bold font, or all captial letters. It is usually placed one line below the greeting but alternatively can be located directly after the "inside address," before the "greeting."



• The Body Paragraphs - The body is where you explain why you’re writing. It’s the main part of the business letter. Make sure the receiver knows who you are and why you are writing but try to avoid starting with "I". Use a new paragraph when you wish to introduce a new idea or element into your letter. Depending on the letter style you choose, paragraphs may be indented. Regardless of format, skip a line between paragraphs.



• The Complimentary Close - This short, polite closing ends always with a comma. It is either at the left margin or its left edge is in the center, depending on the Business Letter Style that you use. It begins at the same column the heading does. The traditional rule of etiquette in Britain is that a formal letter starting "Dear Sir or Madam" must end "Yours faithfully", while a letter starting "Dear " must end "Yours sincerely". (Note: the second word of the closing is NOT capitalized)



• Signature and Writer’s identification - The signature is the last part of the letter. You should sign your first and last names. The signature line may include a second line for a title, if appropriate. The signature should start directly above the first letter of the signature line in the space between the close and the signature line. Use blue or black ink.



• Initials, Enclosures, Copies - Initials are to be included if someone other than the writer types the letter. If you include other material in the letter, put 'Enclosure', 'Enc.', or ' Encs. ', as appropriate, two lines below the last entry. cc means a copy or copies are sent to someone else. 

Business Letter :

1. letter of introduction
Is a letter from the seller addressed to prospective purchasers with information about the company selling it to be known by the prospective buyer.
 
2. Letter Request for Quote
It is made ​​by letter addressed to the prospective buyer prospective seller in order to collect information about the goods - goods to be purchased.
 
3. letter of Offer
It is made ​​by letter addressed to the prospective seller prospective buyer in order to provide information / offer goods for sale.
 
4. Mail order
It is made ​​by letter addressed to the prospective buyer the seller with the intention to order the goods sold.
 
5. Order Acceptance Letter
It is made ​​by letter addressed to the prospective buyer the seller for the purpose of the letter informed him that the order has been received.
 
6. letter of complaint
It is made ​​by letter addressed to the prospective buyer in order to ask the seller for compensation for goods that have been purchased because the items purchased not in accordance with the buyer's request.
 
7. Collection Letters
Is a letter from the seller addressed to prospective purchasers with information about the outstanding debt.

Pemograman Multimedia

·        

     Broadcasting   & Entertaiment

Di dalam broadcasting  & Entertainment sendiri sebenarnya yang paling dominan dikaji adalah bagaimana membuat konten sebuah siaranEntertainment (hiburan) mulai dari praproduksi- produksi-pascaproduksi, jadi bukan hanya belajar secara teori saja namun di broadcasting mempelajari praktik bagaimana membuat sebuah tayangan/ konten hiburan yang menarik dan enak dilihat atau didengar, atau menurut teori ilmu komunikasi, bagaimana pesan yang disampaikan sampai kepada khalayak ramai/umum.

·         Research & Development

suatu proses atau langkah-langkah untuk mengembangkan suatu produk baru atau menyempurnakan produk yang telah ada. Dalam bidang multimedia, produk-produk yang dihasilkan melalui penelitian R & D diharapkan dapat meningkatkan produktivitas pemorgraman multimedia ,

·         Health

kios multimedia menyampaikan informasi tentang kesehatan seperti cara pengobatan , cara mencegah penyakit , cara menjaga kesehatan

Habits Of Highly Effective

1. Proactive    One of the human habit of doing activities are able to do things that in his own abilities, and therefore the activity of a person is necessary to work hard to achieve something without feeling that everything is not possible for us to accomplish. Proactive divided into 3 types, namely:a. Nature: In a proactive habits, we must hold ourselves to the personality, because it reflects our personality in an action to take right decisions. 
b. Nurture: Once you have the right personality and character, habits are intended to maintain the sense in us would be able to maintain a good personality, such as maintaining the behavior, words or attributes we have, because it all if we can keep it well of course we can live get used to it all. 
c. Choice: "Choice?", An action which is always a need of every human being, because of the choices that define us in choosing rigorous for ourselves, whether it's an option that we cornered on an issue or a simple choice.

2. Think with the end in mind    Is not much in the habit of the choices, where to take decisions or when making decisions on issues that we need to ponder is to think carefully what we decide. Never minded because we desperately do not know what to do. Therefore, by thinking carefully and rationally is the best way to face a problem.

3. First Thing First    An action within is customary to find the best for what we get. Arguably the first to be the best, in terms of things like always menajdi first or put others down to look into that first. But the first of the first that is able to work or do the real thing without being dropped or were dropped only to achieve a success.

4. Win    Occasionally in us should feel proud for the success of our efforts to make it happen, we achieve the victory that is wrong habits of ourselves that we can get after what we do well and trying his best. Not a victory that justifies any means just for fun, because the victory was not lost for the win, but a win win for losing to win.

5. Seek First To Understand then to be Understand    Habits ourselves in berosialisasi in any environment in which we live as well as just the friends, ourselves should be trying to understand the feelings of our friends without them having to always understand ourselves. We need to know the current position we have megerti them and they understand our position, without belonging ego very hard on each one of us so that we can always understand the side of ourselves to our friends and we did the opposite way. 
6. Synergy    The process of mutual support between the two parties can produce positive habits so that progress can be achieved. From word how we interpret other people can trust each other and strive to achieve a goal that means in ourselves without each other to prioritize the best, but work together for the mutual benefit of positive things.

7. Sharpen the Saw    Adjusting to the right, that we are in the habit of doing something with great care so that it is something that can make ourselves in a proper state for the actions and ways of thinking that are not in a hurry to put our position is the most appropriate of these actions.

Ways Of Achieving Our Wishes

1. PrayIn this life we ​​are created as human beings are always grateful for what it is relentless to the Almighty God with a religion or belief that we have. Once we have held fast to the belief that we have this, we can certainly say it through worship and pray. In worship performed 5 times a day, accompanied by the prayer that is what we want or we have achieved is not separated from a sincere and meaningful requests directly to God, because with a prayer that we express clearly that we want or we can accomplish for God hear our sincerity in praying. For example: My God wanted me as a student can graduate from private colleges with courses I take.


2. Confidence (Sure)After we prayed earnestly to God, we must dare to believe in ourselves that what we ask and what we want we must believe that God will always hear our prayers for we believe that with prayer we have been teaching God no ka tone vain. Because the core of our faith is to believe that throughout this earth God has the best plan for us as long as we always worship and pray. For example: Lord I believe I can take this course to my ability and you are always helped relieve the burdens during my live.



3. Visualization (Look and Feel)When worship and prayer have full confidence in ourselves until now, that we can see is something more real to us and we can feel with our inner eyes that after what we want or we achieve with sinful ' a proven God sees that we are trying in earnest on what date. Therefore pray with us and were sure that we could be able to feel it gradually. For example: Dear God thank you until now precisely in the 7th semester, I still try to be able to do the final stage to take the 8th semester final project or thesis later with the achievement of considerable value. Thank God I was able to get through the difficult times in my lecture this time.


4. Feel the happiness or enjoymentIf prayed in worship with full confident before, then God hears prayers and see the effort that we do. Surely God did not let our efforts for granted, will remain God always helps and prayer forms that create a reality that we experience. As long as it is achieved, and we can see and feel it, surely we as humans feel the happiness that was so very unexpected because we can conclude that in this world nothing is impossible as long as we pray we achieve fully confident and do your best for us it will be happy in this life. For example: My God this day I am so very glad that thou hast heard my prayer to gain the knowledge, values ​​and best friends in college taking ± 4 this year so that I and all my friends can be passed along to the end of this struggle.


5. Create FacilityIn the form of prayer that we want or do we accomplish and God has given it to us. Of course we can better utilize the positive direction for what God has given to create a means widespread. In creating the tool we make is a mere idea or value that God has given because it is good we can create something new from our previous request to God for others who simply we do for charity. For example: Dear God thank you after a course of 4 years, I can pass it along relatives and Parents who always prays my right, in the direction I want to take advantage by creating facilities such as open learning computer courses suit my skills , especially in people with less knowledge about the world of technology.